The Beguines, who established informal pious communities,

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The Beguines were a movement of women who formed communities to live a life of piety and service without taking formal religious vows. They supported themselves through their own work, often in textile production, teaching, or nursing, rather than relying on the institutional Church or following a specific monastic rule like the Benedictine. They did not break away from the Dominican order; rather, they existed independently of the formal religious orders of the time. Their spirituality was characterized by a deep emotional connection to God, contrary to rejecting emotional spirituality.

The Beguines, Who Established Informal Pious Communities