Why Did So Many Aristocrats Experience High Levels of Debt

Why did so many aristocrats experience high levels of debt by the twelfth century?

A) They were competing with wealthy townsmen over levels of patronage, personal generosity, and displays of wealth.
B) So many peasants had gained their personal freedom and left the manors for the towns that the income generated for the nobles by the peasantry had drastically declined.
C) Kings were in the process of expanding their realms and were drastically increasing the levels of taxation on the aristocracy.
D) Many had left to go on crusades, leaving their families and estates impoverished.