Which of these terms refers to test-takers of equal ability differing in their responses based on their group membership (e.g., race or gender) ___.

Question

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Differential item functioning (DIF) refers to a situation where test items show different statistical properties for different groups of test-takers (e.g., based on race, gender, etc.), even when those test-takers have the same underlying ability level.

Which of These Terms Refers to Test-Takers of Equal Ability