Colonialism in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Exploited

Colonialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century exploited "cleavages" within African societies. By cleavages we refer to:

A) New transport technologies like flat bottomed boats that were able to probe deeper into the African hinterland
B) New methods in missionary work that helped convert Africans from their traditional beliefs to Christianity
C) Already existing tensions within and between African societies especially in the areas of religion, language, ethnicity, race, and class
D) None of the above
E) All of the above