Question 1

Production of multiple identical copies of a recombinant gene.

Accepted Answer

Gene cloning is the process used to create multiple identical copies of a specific gene or DNA sequence, typically involving the insertion of that gene into a plasmid vector and its subsequent replication in a host organism.

Question 2

A short sequence with many sites where restriction enzymes may cut.

Accepted Answer

Multiple cloning sites (MCS) are specific regions within vectors that contain numerous restriction enzyme sites, allowing for the insertion of DNA fragments at these locations.

Question 3

Which of the following can be used as a cloning vector? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Virus, plasmid, and artificial chromosome can all be used as cloning vectors in genetic engineering to introduce foreign DNA into host cells. Bacterium itself is not a cloning vector but can contain vectors like plasmids.

Question 4

Which of the following descriptions about gel electrophoresis of DNA are correct? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

DNA molecules are separated based on size, with smaller fragments moving faster. DNA is negatively charged and moves towards the positive electrode, not the negative. Staining is necessary to visualize the DNA bands.

Question 5

After being cut with the same restriction enzyme, what cellular enzyme is used to link the selected gene and the cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase is the enzyme used to link the selected gene and the cloning vector after they have been cut by the same restriction enzyme. It facilitates the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the DNA fragments, effectively "gluing" them together.

Question 6

What is the correct order of steps in the process of cloning a Eukaryotic gene and inserting it into a plasmid?
1) isolate the spliced mRNA that produces the desired protein
2) synthesize a cDNA using reverse transcriptase
3) transform a bacteria and select for appropriate antibiotic resistance
4) insert the cDNA into a cloning vector to form recombinant DNA

Accepted Answer

The correct order starts with isolating the spliced mRNA (1), which is then used to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand using reverse transcriptase (2). This cDNA is then inserted into a cloning vector, such as a plasmid, to form recombinant DNA (4). Finally, the recombinant DNA is introduced into bacteria through transformation, and bacteria with the plasmid are selected using antibiotic resistance (3).

Question 7

How has biotechnology improved our lives? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Biotechnology has improved our lives in various ways: A) by producing industrial enzymes for various industries, B) by enabling DNA profiling for legal and personal identification, C) by developing genetically modified crops that are resistant to pests and herbicides, and D) by producing pharmaceuticals that are essential for health care.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true about STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

STRs are short sequences of DNA that are repeated in tandem, typically 2-5 base pairs long. DNA profiling uses the probability of specific STR combinations at various sites to identify individuals.

Question 9

Many people have concerns about eating Genetically Modified (GM) foods. What precautions have been taken to help allay these concerns? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) Labeling laws help consumers identify GM foods, which is important for those with allergies. B) Avoiding highly allergenic proteins in GM foods reduces the risk of allergic reactions. C) The FDA's evaluation process ensures that GM foods are safe before they reach the market.

Question 10

The process shown below is ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process shown below is ________. (Select...

Question 11

The enzyme used to make a cDNA from a eukaryotic mRNA is ________.

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme used to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process crucial for the conversion of eukaryotic mRNA into cDNA.

Question 12

The white colonies in the illustration below ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The white colonies in the illustration below...

Question 13

The blue colonies in the illustration below.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The blue colonies in the illustration below.

...

Question 14

Based on the STR results, what is the correct conclusion for the paternity of the child? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the STR results, what is...

Question 15

Shotgun sequencing involves all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

Shotgun sequencing involves breaking apart multiple copies of a large DNA sequence into smaller parts, sequencing these small fragments, and then using computer software to reassemble these sequences into the original sequence by aligning overlapping areas. It does not involve sequencing the small DNA fragments sequentially; instead, many fragments are sequenced in parallel.

Question 16

Genomics is ________.

Accepted Answer

Genomics is the branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes. This includes the study of entire genomes and how their different parts interact with each other and the environment to affect an organism.

Question 17

A microbiome is ________.

Accepted Answer

The microbiome refers to the collective genomes of the microorganisms (comprising bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) that live inside and on the body of an organism, particularly in humans. It emphasizes the idea of a community of organisms working together in a specific environment, such as the human gut or skin.

Question 18

Comparative genomic analysis has shown that genetic islands of genes related to an organism's ________ are commonly shared between pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Genetic islands related to an organism's pathogenicity, which include genes that contribute to a pathogen's ability to cause disease, are commonly shared between pathogens. This sharing of pathogenicity-related genes can occur through horizontal gene transfer, enhancing the virulence of recipient organisms.

Question 19

The applications of genomics includes which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Genomics can be used for early detection of genetic predispositions (A), predicting drug reactions (B), assessing polygenic disease risks (C), and suggesting lifestyle changes to mitigate genetic risks (D).

Quiz 10: Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering