What case was the first significant post-World War II U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Black rights?

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Smith v. Allwright (1944) was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled it unconstitutional for the state of Texas to allow the Democratic Party to hold all-white primaries, which effectively disenfranchised Black voters. This case was significant in advancing Black rights post-World War II.

What Case Was the First Significant Post-World War II U