The crucial feature of a task that produces learned helplessness is the
A) use of an aversive stimulus (e.g., shock).
B) lack of cues to signal the occurrence of the aversive stimulus.
C) use of warning stimuli that constantly change.
D) lack of contingency between responding and aversive stimulation.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The crucial feature of a task that produces learned helplessness is the lack of contingency between responding and aversive stimulation. This means that no matter what the subject does, the outcome (usually an aversive stimulus) does not change, leading to a feeling of helplessness.

The Crucial Feature of a Task That Produces Learned Helplessness