Researchers studying animals and children have found that

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Pavlovian conditioning demonstrates that both animals and children can be conditioned to respond to cues associated with certain incentives, leading them to engage in specific behaviors in anticipation of these incentives, even if they are not in immediate need of the reward. This is based on the principle that a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell in Pavlov's experiments) can elicit a conditioned response (e.g., salivation) when it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., food).

Researchers Studying Animals and Children Have Found That