What Might Explain the Lower Participation of Women in the Global

What might explain the lower participation of women in the global workforce than of men?

A) Women do not have the same desire or willpower as men to work.
B) Women are more demanding employees and are therefore less desirable.
C) The construction of work as something people do for pay in the formal economy obscures much of the labor women contribute.
D) There is more "men's work" than "women's work" that needs to be done in any society