The ______ theorizes that police react to criticism of widely publicized and controversial incidents involving the use of force against minority citizens by disengaging from vigorous enforcement activities.

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The Ferguson effect theorizes that police may reduce their proactive policing efforts following significant public scrutiny and criticism, particularly after incidents that receive widespread attention involving the use of force against minority citizens. This term originated from the response to the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and the subsequent public and media reaction.

The ______ Theorizes That Police React to Criticism of Widely