Juricevic et al. showed that patterns caused greater visual discomfort if their amplitude spectra:

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Juricevic et al. found that patterns cause more visual discomfort when their amplitude spectra have amplitudes of spatial frequencies close to 3 cycles per degree that are greater than what is predicted by the 1/f law. This suggests that deviations from the expected natural distribution of spatial frequencies (as described by the 1/f law) in a way that increases the energy at specific frequencies can lead to increased discomfort.

Juricevic Et Al