Using a transparent motion display in which two dot patterns moved in opposite directions, Lankheet and Verstraten found that:

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Lankheet and Verstraten's research demonstrated that focusing attention on one direction of motion in a transparent motion display led to motion aftereffects in the opposite direction. This means that after observing motion in one direction and then looking at a stationary scene, an observer might perceive illusory motion in the opposite direction of the initially observed motion, indicating the brain's adaptation to the initial motion direction.

Using a Transparent Motion Display in Which Two Dot Patterns