Why Have Environmental Movements Typically Been More Successful in Europe

Why have environmental movements typically been more successful in Europe, North America, and Asia?

A) These places face greater risk from environmental degradation and so are more motivated to address it.
B) These places have long traditions of care for Earth that are not present in other societies.
C) The affluence of nations in those places allows people to engage in a post-material politics.
D) The people there are more deeply connected to their land than in other places and so want to care for it.