Question 1

In transcendental meditation, a special word called a ____ is given to the novitiate, and this word is silently repeated during meditation.

Accepted Answer

In transcendental meditation, a special word is given to the novitiate called a mantra, which is silently repeated during meditation.

Question 2

As Hayes and his colleagues explain, ____ is based on six core principles. These are (1)Self as Context, (2)Defusion, (3)Acceptance, (4)Contact with the Present Moment, (5)Values, and (6)Committed Action.

Accepted Answer

The six core principles listed (Self as Context, Defusion, Acceptance, Contact with the Present Moment, Values, and Committed Action) are the foundation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).

Question 3

As the walls of the waking self or ego become more permeable during meditation, unconscious thoughts may enter into consciousness. The result is ____ suggestions from the inner unconscious self.

Accepted Answer

As the walls of the waking self become more permeable, the individual may become more receptive to unconscious thoughts and sensations. This can lead to enhanced receptivity to suggestions from the inner unconscious self, which can be beneficial for personal growth and self-awareness. Distorted or corrupt suggestions are not necessarily a direct result of increased permeability in the ego, and dissolution of the ego refers to a more advanced stage of meditative practice.

Question 4

Benson attributed the burgeoning popularity of transcendental meditation in the West to the ____.

Accepted Answer

Benson specifically mentions the Beatles and other celebrities as a reason for the growing popularity of transcendental meditation in the West.

Question 5

Allen described the experience of ____ as a type of experience that cannot be put into words. Since the right hemisphere is more involved in wordless thinking, it speaks to us in non-word symbols and sensations and its messages may have this quality during meditation.

Accepted Answer

Allen describes the experience as "ineffable" which means it cannot be expressed in words. This suggests that it may involve non-verbal, symbolic, or sensory experiences that are processed more heavily by the right hemisphere of the brain.

Question 6

A category of biofeedback efficacy called "____ efficacy" includes application to the conditions of certain types of insomnia, anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorder), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, nausea and vomiting, irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, temporomandibular disorders and bruxism, tinnitus, Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's phenomenon, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and hyperventilation.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "good efficacy." This category includes a wide range of conditions for which biofeedback has been found to be beneficial, indicating a good level of effectiveness in managing or treating these conditions.

Question 7

In the early 1970s, transcendental meditation was a newly modified transitional form of yoga meditation that was exported to the West by its Indian originator Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. As Benson explains, the Maharishi removed many of what he considered to be nonessential elements of Yoga and created a version that he believed could ____.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that the Maharishi modified the traditional form of yoga meditation by removing nonessential elements and creating a version that he believed could be more easily understood by Westerners. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. There is no mention of inducing altered states more quickly, attracting more followers, or shortening the path to enlightenment.

Question 8

Unlike tension-type headache's relation to skeletal muscle tension, the ____ headache appears to be vascular in origin.

Accepted Answer

Migraine headaches are usually caused by a combination of dilation of blood vessels and inflammation in the brain. This is why they are sometimes described as vascular headaches. Cluster headaches are also vascular in nature, but are caused by a different mechanism involving the trigeminal nerve. Hormone and organic headaches are not specific types of headaches, but can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions.

Question 9

If the fight-or-flight response could be considered the stress response, then the ____ response (a phrase Benson coined and used in his book title by the same name)achieved during meditation would be its natural antidote.

Accepted Answer

Benson coined the term "relaxation response" to describe the natural antidote to the stress response. This response can be achieved through meditation techniques.

Question 10

____ means allowing room for our unpleasant thoughts, images, feelings, and sensations, giving them space rather than ignoring, suppressing, or trying to control or eliminate them.

Accepted Answer

Acceptance means allowing room for our unpleasant thoughts, images, feelings, and sensations, giving them space rather than ignoring, suppressing, or trying to control or eliminate them.

Question 11

Overall, there are six predictable indicators that one is experiencing an altered state during meditation. Though a mediator may not experience all of the indicators, the presence of ____ or more of these indicators suggests the presence of an altered state.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that "the presence of one or more of these indicators suggests the presence of an altered state."

Question 12

Jean Kristeller suggests that the practice of mindfulness meditation can be divided into three aspects that she calls (1)breath awareness, (2)open awareness, and (3)____ meditation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jean Kristeller suggests that the practice of...

Question 13

Herbert Benson's ____ meditation, patterned after TM, is a form of meditation with the largest body of research findings. This form of meditation is technically classified as concentrative meditation since the strategy employed is to focus or concentrate on one stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Herbert Benson's meditation, patterned after TM, involves the use of a mantra, making choice A the correct answer. It is a form of concentrative meditation, which involves focusing on one stimulus, in this case, the mantra. This form of meditation has the largest body of research findings. The other options are not associated with Herbert Benson's meditation.

Question 14

During the experience of ____, meditation can evoke mystical or spiritual qualities. This can lead to an experience of an expanded consciousness, more positive thoughts, and a feeling of inner peace that is traditionally associated with the feelings of enlightenment many spiritually minded people seek.

Accepted Answer

Self-transcendence refers to an experience where one goes beyond their individual self and becomes one with a greater reality. This can often be associated with mystical or spiritual experiences that have been reported during meditation such as an expanded consciousness, inner peace, and feelings of enlightenment.

Question 15

Cardiologist Herbert Benson reduced mantra meditation to its most basic elements in a form called ____ meditation or relaxation response meditation.

Accepted Answer

Herbert Benson's form of meditation, called "relaxation response meditation," is a secular and non-religious form of meditation that aims to reduce stress and improve relaxation. It is not referred to as "mini," "open," or "guided" meditation.

Question 16

____ theory suggests that mantra meditation restricts consciousness of our external world and in-effect temporarily deletes it from our active neural circuitry.

Accepted Answer

Blank-out theory suggests that mantra meditation leads to the temporary deletion of external awareness from our active neural circuitry.

Question 17

____ means that the mind is focused on what is occurring in the moment and not engaged in thinking about the past or future as we often do in our normal waking state.

Accepted Answer

Present-centeredness refers to being fully present in the current moment without distractions from thoughts about the past or future. Time distortion refers to an altered perception of time, self-transcendence refers to a shift in the sense of self, and enhanced receptivity refers to an increased ability to perceive and process information.

Question 18

Defusion involves the ____ process where we maintain separateness from unhelpful or disturbing thoughts rather than fusing with them. It refers to how we interact with these thoughts.

Accepted Answer

Defusion involves the process of decentering, which means creating distance between oneself and unhelpful thoughts rather than accepting or engaging with them. This allows individuals to observe and acknowledge their thoughts without being consumed by them, which can ultimately lead to greater psychological flexibility and well-being.

Question 19

For headache, the ____ approach generally uses biofeedback of muscle tension for tension-type headache and biofeedback of physiological indicators of blood flow for migraine.

Accepted Answer

The direct targeted approach in headache management specifically uses biofeedback to address the physiological aspects associated with different types of headaches. For tension-type headaches, muscle tension biofeedback is used, and for migraines, biofeedback related to blood flow indicators is utilized. This approach directly targets the physiological processes believed to underlie these headache types.

Question 20

Schwartz lists the use of biofeedback as "____ efficacy" for symptom relief in the following conditions: tension-type headache, migraine headache, nocturnal enuresis, fecal or urinary incontinence or other pelvic floor disorders, essential hypertension, and phantom limb pain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schwartz lists the use of biofeedback as...

Quiz 14: Meditation, Yoga, and Biofeedback