By 1700, the political ideal of Christendom was beginning to be replaced by sovereign states who paid allegiance to themselves rather than a concept of a united Christendom.

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By 1700, the Peace of Westphalia (1648) had already laid the groundwork for the modern system of sovereign states, emphasizing the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other states and moving away from the medieval concept of Christendom as a unified Christian polity under religious or imperial authority.

By 1700, the Political Ideal of Christendom Was Beginning to Be