When the Catholic Reformation drove the New Sciences to northwestern Europe, the Italian-style academies gave way to chartered royal societies, the first of which was founded in ______ in 1660.

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The first chartered royal society founded in 1660 was the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, in Britain. This marked a significant shift in the scientific community from Italian-style academies to more formalized institutions supported by the monarchy.

When the Catholic Reformation Drove the New Sciences to Northwestern