During the Period Between the Ninth Century and the Year

During the period between the ninth century and the year 1300:

A) There was a period of chaos, out of which grew a new model of well-run, centralized governments.
B) A series of strong men tried to consolidate power in specific areas, but they were never successful.
C) Germany and Italy were able to consolidate power and develop strong central governments.
D) France and England each tried to consolidate power in their respective realms, but were not able to do so until much later.