Which of the following researchers discovered that although chess experts were superior to novices in recalling the positions of chess pieces from meaningful games, they did not differ from novices in recalling the positions of chess pieces from meaningless games?

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Chase and Simon conducted research demonstrating that chess experts' superior memory for chess positions was specific to meaningful game arrangements, and that this advantage disappeared with random or meaningless arrangements of chess pieces. This finding highlighted the role of chunking and pattern recognition in expert performance.

Which of the Following Researchers Discovered That Although Chess Experts