Cloward and Ohlin's theory of strain identified 3 adaptations. These are:

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Cloward and Ohlin's theory of strain suggests that access to illegitimate means of achieving success varies by neighborhood. They identified three types of gangs that emerge in different social environments: criminal gangs (which emerge in stable slum areas and provide youths with criminal opportunities), conflict gangs (which emerge in disorganized slums where there is little organization and violence is a common form of expression), and retreatist gangs (which are made up of individuals who have failed in both the conventional world and the criminal world, often turning to drug use).

Cloward and Ohlin's Theory of Strain Identified 3 Adaptations