Many researchers make a useful analogy to help understand validity and reliability when developing a case by comparing them to a target and marksmanship. The tightness of the bullet holes reflects validity.

Question

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The tightness of the bullet holes reflects reliability, as it shows consistency in hitting the same spot. Validity, in this analogy, would be how close the shots are to the bullseye, indicating how well the test measures what it is supposed to.

Many Researchers Make a Useful Analogy to Help Understand Validity