In a once-popular conception of ethical theory, the task of moral theory was to locate and justify general moral norms as a system, whereas in the newer and less settled conception advocated in Principles of Biomedical Ethics, the task is to reflect critically on influential moral norms and practices.

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The shift from locating and justifying general moral norms to critically reflecting on influential moral norms and practices represents a move from a more traditional, foundational approach to ethics to a more reflective, pragmatic, and context-sensitive approach, as advocated in "Principles of Biomedical Ethics."

In a Once-Popular Conception of Ethical Theory, the Task of Moral