Hard paternalism can occur not only by overriding a patient's stated interests but also by withholding the information necessary for him or her to make an informed decision.

Question

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Hard paternalism involves making decisions for others against or without their consent, which can include not only direct actions against their stated interests but also withholding information that would enable them to make informed decisions on their own.

Hard Paternalism Can Occur Not Only by Overriding a Patient's