In Atkins v. Virginia, the Court was not persuaded that the execution of a mentally retarded criminal would advance the deterrent or the retributive purpose of the death penalty.

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In Atkins v. Virginia, the Supreme Court ruled that executing individuals with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishments, partly because it does not serve the deterrent or retributive goals of capital punishment effectively.

In Atkins V