In This Reading Russell Argues That the Value of Philosophy

In this reading Russell argues that the value of philosophy is not in any ability to produce material goods ("philosophy bakes no bread") or arrive at definitive conclusions about the nature of reality. Its value comes from its effect on the lives of those who take it seriously. By studying the perennial questions of philosophy, we enhance our appreciation of what is possible, weaken the dogmatism that prevents exploration and speculation, and render the mind great through contemplation of the greatness of the universe.
-Aquinas says that things in the universe that move toward a goal must be

A) without direction.
B) without some intelligence to guide them.
C) unguided.
D) guided by some intelligence.