Kwame Anthony Appiah is a British-born Ghanaian-American philosopher and author. His books include Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race, Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers, and the introduction to philosophy Thinking It Through. He examines the concepts of race and racism and the popular presuppositions that underlie them. He distinguishes between racialism ("that there are heritable characteristics, possessed by members of our species, that allow us to divide them into a small set of races") and racism ("which presupposes racialism"). Racialism is false and not inherently dangerous. But racism, which comes in two main forms, is harmful. One form, called extrinsic racism, might be successfully countered by presenting the extrinsic racist with relevant counterevidence. The other, intrinsic racism, cannot be undone by showing the intrinsic racist any opposing evidence.
-Intrinsic racism does not require any arbitrary distinctions.

Question

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Intrinsic racism does involve arbitrary distinctions, as it is based on the belief that racial differences are inherently significant and justify unequal treatment, regardless of evidence to the contrary.

Kwame Anthony Appiah Is a British-Born Ghanaian-American Philosopher and Author