Cleft Lip or Palate Is a Common Congenital Midline Fissure,or

Cleft lip or palate is a common congenital midline fissure,or opening,in the lip or palate resulting from the failure of the primary palate to fuse.Multiple genetic and,to a lesser extent,environmental factors may lead to the development of a cleft lip or palate.Which factors are included?
(Select all that apply) .

A) Alcohol consumption
B) Female gender
C) Use of some anticonvulsant medications
D) Maternal cigarette smoking
E) Antibiotic use in pregnancy