A primary care nurse practitioner (NP)prescribes a drug to an 80-year-old African-American woman.When selecting a drug and determining the correct dose,the NP should understand that the knowledge of how age,race,and gender may affect drug excretion is based on an understanding of:

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Pharmacokinetics is the study of the action of drugs in the body and may be thought of as what the body does to the drug.Factors such as age,race,and gender may change the way the body acts to metabolize and excrete a drug.Bioavailability refers to the amount of drug available at the site of action.Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body.Anatomy and physiology is a basic understanding of how the body functions.

A Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (NP)prescribes a Drug to an 80-Year-Old