Walzer argues that freedom of movement is a basic right and that immigration restrictions amount to a violation of that right, while Carens argues that the right to exclude is primary to the survival and independence of political communities.

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Michael Walzer argues that communities have the right to restrict immigration to preserve their distinct social, cultural, and political identities, while Joseph Carens is known for advocating that restrictions on freedom of movement (specifically immigration) are morally problematic, likening them to feudal practices and arguing for more open borders based on the principle of freedom of movement as a basic human right.

Walzer Argues That Freedom of Movement Is a Basic Right