A patient has been taking an opioid analgesic for 2 weeks after a minor outpatient procedure.At a follow-up clinic visit,the patient tells the primary care NP that he took extra doses for the past 2 days because of increased pain and wants an early refill of the medication.The NP should suspect:

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Unsanctioned dose increases are a sign of possible drug misuse.Dependence refers to an abstinence or withdrawal syndrome.Drug addiction is an obsession with obtaining and using the drug for nonmedical purposes.The patient should not have increased pain at 2 weeks.

A Patient Has Been Taking an Opioid Analgesic for 2