Stephen DeCanio's Economic Model Suggests That African Americans Who Had

Stephen DeCanio's economic model suggests that African Americans who had no significant material property because of slavery, and who were emancipated without the promised arable land, were collectively fated to endure major long-term economic inequality compared to whites:

A) because the long-term impact of initial inequality in agricultural resources would prevent attainment of racial equality even if current discrimination ended and blacks and whites had identical tastes and preferences.
B) because not only were black families substantially excluded from wealth-generating homestead lands by law or violence, they were forced into racially segregated schools, workplaces, and residential areas.
C) because legal segregation in the South and de facto segregation in the North generally kept black families from generating the socioeconomic resources necessary to compete effectively with whites over many generations.
D) All the above