Question 1

Juan Perón's support of a welfare state and his anti-Western rhetoric won him support among Argentina's

Accepted Answer

Juan Perón's policies were aimed at improving the conditions of the working class and the poor, which garnered him significant support from the middle and lower classes in Argentina.

Question 2

The U.S. refusal to act in support of rebels in Soviet-controlled ___________ showed that, despite its rhetoric of "freedom," it would not risk World War III by military intervention in the Soviet bloc.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. did not intervene during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, as it was unwilling to risk a direct military confrontation with the Soviet Union, which could have escalated into World War III.

Question 3

Mao Zedong's economic plan to increase industrial production and modernize China was called

Accepted Answer

Mao Zedong's economic plan aimed at rapidly transforming China from an agrarian economy into a socialist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization was called the Great Leap Forward.

Question 4

Mao's Cultural Revolution was

Accepted Answer

The Cultural Revolution, initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966, aimed to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society and to re-impose Maoist thought as the dominant ideology. The movement targeted the "four olds" (old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas), leading to widespread destruction of cultural artifacts and persecution of individuals deemed counter-revolutionary.

Question 5

The trials of Axis leaders conducted in Nuremberg and Tokyo introduced the idea of

Accepted Answer

The Nuremberg and Tokyo trials were the first international tribunals to prosecute individuals for crimes against humanity, which are defined as acts that are committed against civilians and that are widespread or systematic.

Question 6

The Second Sex, perhaps the twentieth century's most influential work on women, was written by

Accepted Answer

"The Second Sex" is a seminal work by Simone de Beauvoir, published in 1949, that extensively analyzes the oppression of women and is a foundational text in feminist philosophy and gender studies.

Question 7

The U.S. used the radio network ______________ to broadcast news and propaganda around the world.

Accepted Answer

Voice of America is the U.S. government-funded international radio broadcast service established in 1942, which has been used to broadcast news, information, and propaganda around the world.

Question 8

The black psychologist from Martinique who wrote that the mind of the colonized person had been traumatized by the brutal imposition of an alien culture was

Accepted Answer

Frantz Fanon, a psychiatrist and philosopher from Martinique, is renowned for his works on the psychological effects of colonialism on both the colonizer and the colonized. His seminal works, such as "Black Skin, White Masks" and "The Wretched of the Earth," explore the mental and emotional trauma inflicted by colonialism and the imposition of an alien culture on colonized peoples.

Question 9

Jawaharlal Nehru, prime minister of India, argued strongly for

Accepted Answer

Jawaharlal Nehru was a strong advocate for the Non-Aligned Movement, which sought to maintain a neutral stance during the Cold War and avoid aligning with either the Soviet Union or the United States. He believed that countries should not lose their identity by affiliating with one side or the other.

Question 10

The leaders at Bandung argued

Accepted Answer

The Bandung Conference in 1955 was significant for its emphasis on both nationalism and support for broader movements like pan-Islamism and pan-Africanism, reflecting a collective desire among newly independent or decolonizing states to assert their sovereignty while also seeking solidarity in larger regional or ideological affiliations.

Quiz 27: The Emergence of New Nations in a Cold War World 1945 - 1970