The Spanish and Portuguese Empires had based their superiority over the indigenous Americans on their Catholic faith; in the second half of the nineteenth century, imperialists based their superiority on

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, imperialists often justified their superiority and imperial conquests through "scientific" theories of race, which suggested that some races were inherently superior to others. This was a shift from earlier justifications based on religion.

The Spanish and Portuguese Empires Had Based Their Superiority Over