Task characteristics that may substitute for leader behavior include all of the following EXCEPT

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Task characteristics that can substitute for leader behavior include aspects that make the need for direct supervision or intervention by a leader less necessary. Frequent feedback, intrinsic satisfaction, routine tasks, and a high degree of structure all contribute to making a task more self-guiding or self-motivating for employees, thereby reducing the need for leader involvement. Tediousness, however, does not act as a substitute for leader behavior; it is more likely to demotivate employees and increase the need for leader intervention to provide motivation and clarification.

Task Characteristics That May Substitute for Leader Behavior Include All