The use of the principles of chance to assign participants to treatment and control groups for the purpose of avoiding systematic bias is called

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Random assignment involves using chance to assign participants to different groups, which helps to avoid systematic bias that could occur if the researcher were to assign participants based on some characteristic or preference. Randomization and random variability are similar concepts but refer more generally to the use of chance in the research process. Random dispersion is not a commonly used term in research methodology.

The Use of the Principles of Chance to Assign Participants