Question 1

According to Weber,__________ is power that is legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.

Accepted Answer

According to Weber, traditional authority is power that is legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs, beliefs, and practices. It is typically found in societies with a long history and strong cultural and religious traditions. It is different from charismatic authority, which is based on personal qualities and charisma of the leader, and rational-legal authority, which is based on a set of rules and laws. Coercive authority relies on the threat or use of force to maintain power.

Question 2

Such diverse historical figures as Jesus Christ,Napoleon,Julius
Caesar,Adolf Hitler,Winston Churchill,Franklin Roosevelt,Martin
Luther King,Jr.,and Cesar Chavez,are examples of __________
Leaders.

Accepted Answer

These figures are examples of charismatic leaders, who rely on their personal charm and persuasive abilities to gather followers and achieve their goals. They often inspire devotion and loyalty among their followers, and their leadership is based on the perception of extraordinary qualities or skills.

Question 3

__________ is the area of sociology that examines the nature and consequences of power within or between societies,as well as the social and political conflicts that lead to changes in the allocation of power.

Accepted Answer

Political sociology examines power dynamics and how they lead to social and political conflicts, as well as changes in power allocation. This area of sociology also studies the relationships between individuals, groups, and institutions in the political sphere. Governmental sociology focuses on the structure and functions of government, institutional sociology focuses on the role and impact of organizations on society, and cultural sociology examines how cultural beliefs and practices shape social behavior.

Question 4

__________ is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others.Through the use of persuasion,authority,or force,some people are able to get others to submit to their demands.

Accepted Answer

Power is the ability to achieve one's goals despite opposition from others. It can be obtained through various means such as persuasion, authority or force. Authority refers to the right to make decisions or control resources, while control refers to the actual ability to manipulate and regulate others. Leverage is a tool used to gain advantage in negotiations or situations, but does not necessarily involve the ability to achieve goals despite opposition from others.

Question 5

British kings and queens historically traced their authority from God.Members of subordinate classes obey a leader's edicts out of economic and political dependency,and sometimes personal loyalty.This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The British monarchy traditionally traced their authority from God, which represents traditional authority, where authority is passed down through generations and is based on customs and traditions rather than personal qualifications or election. The obedience of subordinate classes is also based on this traditional authority.

Question 6

Gender,race,and class relations are closely intertwined with _________ authority.

Accepted Answer

Traditional authority is based on customs and traditions that have been established over time, including gender roles, racial hierarchies, and class systems. These forms of authority often reinforce existing power structures and maintain social inequality. Matriarchy and unilateralism are not as closely linked to these issues, while totalitarianism tends to reject traditional authority altogether.

Question 7

War is a form of ___________ by people who are seeking to promote their cause or resist social policies or practices that they consider oppressive.

Accepted Answer

War is often characterized as a form of collective violence, pitting one group against another in armed conflict in order to achieve political, economic, or social goals. While some wars are officially declared by governments, others may be carried out by groups who do not have state recognition, such as insurgent or guerrilla forces. Terrorism, meanwhile, generally involves acts of violence carried out by non-state actors against civilian targets in order to communicate a political message or achieve a particular objective.

Question 8

Most leaders do not want to base their power on force alone; they seek to legitimize their power by turning it into __________,which is the power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive.

Accepted Answer

Authority is power that people accept as legitimate rather than coercive. It is based on a leader's perceived expertise, charisma, or position within a formal hierarchy. By legitimizing their power through authority, leaders can maintain stability and gain the trust and support of their followers.

Question 9

According to sociologist Max Weber,__________ authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities,or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment that inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber coined the term "charismatic authority" to describe power that is legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities, such as their ability to inspire loyalty and obedience from followers through their extraordinary insight and accomplishments. This type of authority does not rely on traditional customs, laws, or procedures, but rather on the personal charisma, charm, and persuasive skills of the leader.

Question 10

__________ is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

Accepted Answer

Government is the formal organization that has legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders. While economics, politics, and the military are important aspects of society, they do not have the explicit legal and political authority granted to the government.

Question 11

__________ are especially concerned about how the social institutions of politics and the economy operate and how the time that people spend with various forms of media influences their perspectives on life in the global community.

Accepted Answer

Sociologists are specifically concerned with analyzing social structures and institutions, including politics and the economy. They also study how media influences individuals and society as a whole. Anthropologists may also study these topics, but their focus is more on understanding cultural diversity and differences across societies. Government analysts and economic analysts may also analyze politics and the economy, but their focus is more on policy-making and financial decision-making, respectively.

Question 12

"Patriarchy differentiates women from men while privileging men.Racism simultaneously differentiates people of color from whites and privileges whiteness." The statement is representative of what concept?

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the concept of racialized patriarchy, which refers to the intersection of patriarchy and racism and how they work together to oppress women of color.

Question 13

People have a greater tendency to accept authority as legitimate if they are __________ dependent on those who hold power.

Accepted Answer

Economic or political dependence is a key factor that influences the legitimacy of authority. When individuals or groups are dependent on those who hold power for resources, opportunities, or protection, they may be more likely to accept their authority as legitimate in order to maintain access to these benefits. Institutional or cultural dependence may also have an effect, but economic and political dependence are generally seen as the strongest drivers of acceptance of authority.

Question 14

The continual interplay of race and gender that reinforces traditional structures of power in contemporary societies is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term that best describes the continual interplay of race and gender that reinforces traditional structures of power in contemporary societies is racialized patriarchy. This term acknowledges the ways in which both race and gender intersect to maintain power dynamics, with white men at the top of the hierarchy. It recognizes that both race and gender are socially constructed and deeply intertwined in how power is distributed and maintained.

Question 15

Sociologist G.William Domhoff argues that the media:

Accepted Answer

Sociologist G.William Domhoff argues that the media tend to reflect the biases of those with access to them, meaning that the media can be swayed or influenced by those in power or with money. This suggests that media neutrality may not always be attainable, and that media biases can have significant societal implications.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding power is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The most basic form of power is not political influence, but rather physical force or coercion. Political influence is a more complex and nuanced form of power that often involves negotiation, persuasion, and the use of institutionalized authority.

Question 17

The __________ is the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals.

Accepted Answer

The definition given is most commonly associated with the concept of a state, which is a political entity that has a legitimate monopoly on the use of force within a defined territory. While a government is one part of a state that carries out its policies, a bureaucracy is a system of organizations and officials that handle the tasks of a government, and the executive branch is a branch of government responsible for implementing and enforcing laws.

Question 18

Sociologist Max Weber outlined three ideal types of authority,which include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Max Weber did not include coercive authority as one of his ideal types of authority. The three types he did include are charismatic authority, traditional authority, and rational-legal authority.

Question 19

__________ is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some people and groups.

Accepted Answer

Politics refers to the social institution where power is acquired and exercised by individuals or groups. Government, economics, and the military can all be part of politics, but politics is a broader concept that encompasses power relationships in all aspects of society including the state, economy, and security.

Question 20

All of the following are characteristics of charismatic authority EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

Charismatic authority is typically based on the personal appeal and charisma of the authority figure, and may be legitimized by extraordinary insight or other exceptional qualities. It is often associated with rapid social change and tends to be temporary and relatively unstable. However, it is not typically legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom, as this would be more characteristic of traditional authority.

Quiz 14: Politics and Government in Global Perspective