The Leading Explanation for the Existence of Spiral Arms Are

The leading explanation for the existence of spiral arms are:

A) shock waves from cyclic supernovae explosions.
B) shock wave from the quasar-like eruption of the galactic core.
C) passages of spiral density waves through the interstellar medium.
D) passages of massive globular clusters through the galactic plane.
E) tidal streams of small galaxies being torn up by our monster Galaxy.