Critics of Research on the Universality of Emotion Expression Have

Critics of research on the universality of emotion expression have pointed out how Westernization adds a confound. Which of the following is the best methodological solution to this issue?

A) Rather than trying to use facial expressions from a variety of different cultures, only use stimuli from a Western cultures like the United States
B) Use an open-ended response format instead of forced-choice
C) Rely on nonverbal emotion recognition tasks rather than verbal ones, since translation is an issue
D) Recruit participants in a pre-industrial, isolated culture that has minimal exposure to outside media