Question 1

Which of the following is a true statement about ""powerful"" and ""powerless"" emotions?

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the societal gender stereotypes associated with certain emotions. The emotion of anger, for example, is often associated with power and dominance, while sadness or fear are seen as weaker and associated with vulnerability. These gendered stereotypes can have negative impacts on individuals and their ability to express themselves authentically.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is not true about gender stereotypes in Western culture?

Accepted Answer

All the statements (A through D) accurately reflect common gender stereotypes and expectations about emotion expression in Western culture, making E (the statement that all of the above are expectations) the incorrect choice because it contradicts the prompt asking for what is not true.

Question 3

Which of the following is not an example of a prescriptive norm?

Accepted Answer

Prescriptive norms are societal expectations for how individuals should behave or act in certain situations. Option B is a descriptive norm, which reflects the current state of society and the behavior of men. The other options are examples of prescriptive norms, as they indicate how certain genders should behave or act according to societal expectations.

Question 4

Brescoll and Uhlmann (2008) showed participants video clips of men and women expressing emotions in professional contexts. What did the expression of anger do to participants' estimations of how much money and status the people in the videos deserved?

Accepted Answer

Women expressing anger were perceived negatively, leading to lower status and salary estimations, while men expressing anger were perceived more positively, leading to higher status and salary estimations. This reflects gender stereotypes and biases in professional settings.

Question 5

What dilemma regarding the expression of emotion do women face, at least in Western culture?

Accepted Answer

The stereotype suggests that women should be more emotionally expressive, but when they are, it doesn't necessarily lead to them being more liked, highlighting a dilemma where societal expectations don't align with social rewards.

Question 6

What is true about gender and emotion contagion in Western culture?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that women tend to score higher than men on measures of susceptibility to emotion contagion, meaning they are more likely to catch and be influenced by the emotions of others. This gender difference has been found in several Western cultures, including the United States and Canada.

Question 7

Evidence for gender differences in emotion is strongest for which of the following emotion components?

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows gender differences in emotion expression, with women often displaying more facial and verbal expressions of emotion compared to men. This is likely due to societal expectations and stereotypes surrounding gender and emotion expression. While there may be some differences in the other components listed, the evidence for gender differences in emotion expression is the strongest.

Question 8

Studies using electromyography (EMG) to measure facial reactions have found what gender differences in expressivity? (Note: the zygomatic muscle is involved in smiles and the corrugator muscle is involved in negative expressions like anger and fear)

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that women have more zygomatic activity (smiling) when viewing positive images and more corrugator activity (negative expressions like anger and fear) when viewing negative images, compared to men. This suggests that women are generally more expressive than men when it comes to facial reactions.

Question 9

In which of the following situations are women more emotionally expressive, on average, than men?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that women tend to be more emotionally expressive than men in various contexts, including self-report measures of emotion expressivity, during social interactions with others such as romantic partners or colleagues, and while passively viewing emotional stimuli like videos. This difference is often attributed to both socialization processes and biological factors.

Question 10

Kring and Gordon (1998) related participants' scores on Bem's Sex Role Inventory to their self-reported and observer-rated emotional expressivity. Participants in which Sex Role category had the highest dispositional expressivity?

Accepted Answer

Androgynous individuals, according to Kring and Gordon (1998), displayed the highest levels of dispositional expressivity. This is because androgyny, as defined by Bem's Sex Role Inventory, combines both masculine and feminine traits, potentially allowing for a wider range of emotional expression.

Quiz 11: Gender and Emotion