Researchers Distributed a Questionnaire to Belgian and Dutch University Students

Researchers distributed a questionnaire to Belgian and Dutch university students immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. (Dumont et al., 2003) What did the researchers manipulate in order to better understand emotions on behalf of the group?

A) They manipulated how much prejudice the participants felt towards Americans to see how it changed their appraisal of the events
B) The made some of the participants feel afraid and some feel angry about the attacks to see which would lead to more collective action
C) They got participants to implicitly categorize Americans as ingroup or outgroup members to see how it changed their emotional reactions to the attacks
D) They told participants that the terrorists had been born in either Belgium or the Netherlands to see whether it caused them to reject their own ingroups