What would help scientists probe the period from zero time to 10⁻⁴³ second?
A) discovery of a white hole, with matter and energy flowing out
B) more sophisticated gravity wave detectors
C) a theory incorporating the force of gravity into existing GUTs
D) a better understanding of the nature of dark energy
E) more detailed observations of the cosmic microwave background

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The period from zero time to 10⁻⁴³ second is part of the Planck epoch, which is beyond the reach of current technology to observe directly. Therefore, a theoretical framework that can unify all the fundamental forces of nature is needed to understand and make predictions about this period. Grand unified theories (GUTs) are currently the most promising candidates for this unification, but they do not yet incorporate the force of gravity. Therefore, a theory incorporating the force of gravity into existing GUTs would be the most helpful for scientists to probe this period. Options A, B, D, and E are not directly relevant to understanding the Planck epoch.

What Would Help Scientists Probe the Period from Zero Time