If the actual federal budget shows a deficit but the structural budget deficit is falling,most economists would attribute the deficit in the actual budget to

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Unemployment can lead to a deficit in the actual budget because it reduces tax revenues and increases government spending on unemployment benefits, without necessarily indicating a problem with the structural budget itself. The structural budget reflects the underlying fiscal position adjusted for the economic cycle, so if it's improving while there's still a deficit, the issue is likely related to temporary economic conditions like unemployment.

If the Actual Federal Budget Shows a Deficit but the Structural