Question 1

The ________ approach emphasizes the psychological characteristics of workers and managers, and stresses the significance of factors such as moral, attitudes, and values.

Accepted Answer

The human relations approach focuses on the interpersonal relations among employees, as well as between employees and their managers. It emphasizes the importance of communication, motivation, and job satisfaction to improve productivity and organizational effectiveness. This approach includes a consideration of the personal factors that influence workplace behavior, such as attitudes, values, and beliefs. The humanistic approach, on the other hand, is more concerned with individual growth, self-actualization, and fulfillment in the workplace, while the sociocultural approach examines the impact of cultural and social factors on work behavior, and ergonomics focuses on the design of work environments to optimize human well-being and efficiency.

Question 2

Inventors of the video game system Wii were probably experts in the field of

Accepted Answer

The Wii was designed with a focus on ergonomics, meaning the interactions between humans and technology. Therefore, it is likely that the inventors were experts in this field.

Question 3

The mastermind of scientific management was

Accepted Answer

Frederick Winslow Taylor is widely considered to be the founder and mastermind of scientific management. His concepts and principles revolutionized industrial production and laid the foundation for modern management practices. Frank Gilbreth was a contributor to scientific management, but not the mastermind. Elton Mayo was a social scientist associated with the Hawthorne Studies, while Donald Clifton was a psychologist known for his work on strengths-based approaches in organizational management.

Question 4

The tendency of individuals to perform better simply because they are being singled out and made to feel important is called

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect refers to the tendency of people to perform better when they are being observed or singled out. It was first observed in a study at the Hawthorne Works factory in Illinois.

Question 5

When the boss asks Sally to demonstrate how fast she can accomplish her task on the production line, she finishes the task in record time. Sally's performance is best explained by the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals improve their performance or behavior in response to being observed or evaluated.

Question 6

According to the Hawthorne effect, people perform better when they

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect suggests that people's performance improves when they feel they are being watched or singled out for special attention. Therefore, the option that is most closely related to this concept is B - when people are singled out and made to feel important. Feedback, performance appraisals, and incentives may also improve performance, but they are not necessarily related to the Hawthorne effect.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT included in the guidelines for scientific management?

Accepted Answer

The guidelines for scientific management do not mention hiring employees based on their formal education. Instead, the emphasis is on analyzing job tasks and training employees for optimal performance, as well as rewarding productivity.

Question 8

Which of the following has influenced industrial and organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

All of these factors have influenced industrial and organizational psychology. Ergonomics has contributed to designing work environments that are safe and efficient for workers. Scientific management, as developed by Frederick Taylor, introduced concepts such as time and motion studies, which aimed to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Finally, the Hawthorne studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues showed the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace, and highlighted the significance of employee satisfaction and morale.

Question 9

Who invented the assembly line?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who invented the assembly line?
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Question 10

The notion that the principles of science should be applied to work settings has been around for

Accepted Answer

The application of scientific principles to work settings, known as scientific management, was popularized by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 20th century, nearly 100 years ago.

Question 11

Today, ergonomics specialists have expertise in

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics specialists have expertise in various fields such as perception, attention, cognition, learning theories, social and environmental psychology. Thus, it can be concluded that option D is the correct answer.

Question 12

Understanding and enhancing the safety and efficiency of the human-machine interaction is the central focus of

Accepted Answer

The field of ergonomics specifically focuses on designing and improving human-machine interactions in a way that promotes safety and efficiency. Engineering may play a role in this, but it is not the central focus. Behavioral psychology may also be relevant, but it is not the primary field dedicated to this topic. The waigawa policy is not related to this topic.

Question 13

The human relations approach emphasizes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The human relations approach emphasizes all of the options listed in A, B, and C. It recognizes the importance of understanding and addressing the morale, attitudes, and values of workers and managers, treating workers humanely, and viewing the workplace as a social system in which relationships and interactions play a significant role.

Question 14

The fact that pay alone is not strongly related to job satisfaction supports the

Accepted Answer

The human relations approach emphasizes the importance of social factors and employee well-being in the workplace, suggesting that job satisfaction is influenced by more than just pay.

Question 15

In his effort to perfect the assembly line, Henry Ford hired ________ to conduct time and motion studies.

Accepted Answer

Frederick Winslow Taylor is known as the father of scientific management and pioneered time and motion studies, which involved breaking down tasks into small, simple steps and finding the most efficient ways to complete them. Henry Ford hired Taylor to conduct time and motion studies to improve the assembly line process.

Question 16

Who conducted the Hawthorne studies?

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies were conducted by Elton Mayo along with his colleagues at the Harvard Business School between 1924 and 1932.

Question 17

Ergonomics is a field which focuses on

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics focuses on designing and organizing the workplace with the aim of ensuring efficiency, safety, and comfort for workers, taking into consideration factors such as physical capabilities and limitations, work processes, and potential injury risk. While psychology and architecture may be relevant to some aspects of ergonomics, they are not the primary focus of the field. The social environment of the workplace can be important to worker satisfaction and employment retention, but it is not the main concern of ergonomics. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 18

How did the Hawthorne studies affect I/O research?

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies revealed that employee productivity was not solely based on physical factors such as lighting, temperature, or work breaks, but also significantly influenced by social factors such as group dynamics, leadership, and communication. This shifted the focus of I/O research from scientific management to human relations, with a greater emphasis on understanding and improving interpersonal and organizational dynamics for improving employee performance, motivation, and job satisfaction.

Therefore, options A and B are incorrect as they suggest the Hawthorne studies reinforced or confirmed the principles of scientific management, which is not the case. Option D is also incorrect, as it includes all three options, whereas only option C is the correct answer with the right explanation.

Question 19

According to ________, the worker is a well-oiled machine.

Accepted Answer

The idea that the worker is a well-oiled machine is a key concept in scientific management, which emphasizes efficiency and productivity through strict control of work processes and the division of labor. This approach views employees as interchangeable and seeks to optimize their performance through standardized work procedures, time and motion studies, and other scientific methods. Transformational leadership emphasizes team building, empowerment, and individual growth, while strengths-based management focuses on developing employees' unique talents and abilities. Organizational identity refers to how workers perceive and identify with their organization's values, culture, and mission.

Question 20

Contemporary I/O psychology has its roots in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contemporary I/O psychology has its roots in
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Quiz 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology