When the newly independent Mexico secularized the government of California,

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When the secularization of California's government occurred, the land previously owned and controlled by the Franciscans was transferred to Mexican citizens, mainly the Californios. This led to a shift in the power dynamics of the region and the rise of Californio ranching and agriculture. Native Californians did not necessarily receive better treatment and in fact, their population declined due to disease and forced labor under the Californios. Protestantism did not become a significant religious force until the mid-19th century and slavery was not legalized in California during this period. Convicts brought in by Spain were largely released or integrated into society.

When the Newly Independent Mexico Secularized the Government of California