____ believed that the southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore "conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever terms Congress demanded.

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Congressional Republicans, particularly the Radical Republicans, believed that the Southern states had left the Union and were, therefore, "conquered provinces." They argued that these states should be treated as such and be required to meet the conditions set by Congress for readmission into the Union. This view contrasted with President Lincoln's and later President Johnson's more lenient approaches, which sought to facilitate a quicker reunification with less punitive measures against the South.

____ Believed That the Southern States Had Completely Left the Union