Which of the following examples reflect types of experimental manipulations? (circle all that apply)
A) Smoke pours into a room from under a door (smoke is presented to all conditions).
B) In the instructions for a study, participants are told they will be subjected to electric shocks.
C) Half of participants are told their responses will be videotaped; the other half are not told their responses will be taped.
D) Some participants fill out surveys with plants in the room; some participants fill out surveys with pictures of plants in the room.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Experimental manipulations involve changing some aspect of the environment or instructions for different groups to observe effects on behavior. In C, the manipulation is the information about videotaping. In D, the manipulation is the presence of real plants versus pictures.

Which of the Following Examples Reflect Types of Experimental Manipulations