With within-subjects designs, particularly when the independent variable has more than two levels, the effects of exposure to one treatment may carry over to the next treatment (and thus influence response to that second treatment). To compensate for this possibility, researchers will often __________.
A) use a pretest to determine whether people starting in different treatments are initially similar
B) use a control group to compare responses to each treatment
C) arrange treatment presentation so that half of participants start with one treatment, while the other half starts on a different treatment.
D) counterbalance the order of treatments

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

To address the carry-over effects in within-subjects designs with more than two levels, researchers should counterbalance the order of treatments. This involves dividing participants into groups and presenting the treatments in different orders to each group to control for the effects of the order on the outcome. The other options (A, B, C) are not effective in directly addressing carry-over effects in this type of design.

With Within-Subjects Designs, Particularly When the Independent Variable Has More