Many Northern states passed personal liberty laws in response to the Compromise of 1850 that

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The personal liberty laws passed by Northern states in response to the Compromise of 1850 interfered with federal enforcement of the fugitive slave laws. These laws made it more difficult for slave catchers to apprehend and return runaway slaves by placing legal obstacles in their way. For example, some states made it illegal for state officials to assist in the capture of runaway slaves or allowed fugitives to testify on their own behalf at trial. The personal liberty laws reflected Northern opposition to slavery and helped to create tensions between Northern and Southern states in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Many Northern States Passed Personal Liberty Laws in Response to the Compromise