The Concept of Duties or Principles of Public Interests, as Used

The concept of duties or principles of public interests, as used in the text, is associated with:

A) deontological ethics or rule-oriented principles that may be universally applied
B) utilitarian ethics or benefit-cost decisions in which the interests of participants are calculated
C) virtue ethics or character-based assessment of worthiness and goodness of a person's being
D) ethical egoism or the normative theory that one should always act in their own self-interest