According to Madison in Federalist No.10,the most common and durable source of factions has been

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In Federalist No.10, Madison argues that the most common and durable source of factions is the unequal distribution of property. He believes that people's different economic interests will lead them to form factions, which can threaten the stability of the political system. Madison also suggests that democracy can exacerbate this problem, as the majority can use their power to oppress the minority, leading to more factionalism. Thus, Madison argues for a system that can control the effects of factions without suppressing freedom of speech or association.