An independent groups t-test is to a dependent groups t-test as _______ is to _______.

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An independent groups t-test compares means between two unrelated groups, similar to a one-way ANOVA but for only two groups. A dependent groups t-test compares means within the same group or related groups over time, akin to a repeated measures ANOVA (RM-ANOVA), which also compares means within the same group across different conditions or over time.

An Independent Groups T-Test Is to a Dependent Groups T-Test